Digital input signals have only two states: • ON or OFF. Example of digital input signals: – Speed sensor pulses of a Hall sensor (VSS…

Inductive input signals are pulsed signals that transmit information about the engine speed and reference mark. Example: • CKP sensor The inductive signal is processed…

Analog input signals can have any voltage value within a given range. Examples of analog input signals include: • IAT (Intake Air Temperature), • MAP,…

NOTE: If the PCM has been programmed with the latest software version using WDS, ensure that the IDM is programmed with the latest software version…

1 CHT sensor 2 Manifold absolute pressure sensor with integrated T-MAP sensor 3 MAF sensor 4 APP sensor 5 BPP switch 6 CPP switch 7…

1 CHT (Cylinder Head Temperature) sensor Manifold absolute pressure sensor with integrated 2 T-MAP (Temperature And Manifold Absolute Pressure) sensor 3 MAF (Mass Air Flow)…

As previously mentioned, a considerable reduction in diesel particulate matter has already been achieved by modifications to the engine. Since the introduction by the EU…

Maximum exhaust emission levels for passenger vehicles in grams per kilometer (g/km) In order to meet the increasingly stringent emission standards, exhaust gas after treatment…

A fault occurring for the first time is labeled in the freeze frame data as a suspected fault (pending code) and is stored in the…

The MIL is located in the instrument cluster and shows an engine icon (international standard). The MIL warns the driver that the EOBD system has…